French PM Valls bypasses parliament to force through labour reforms

France's government used a special measure to force through the controversial labour reform bill in the lower house of the French Parliament without a vote on the 5 July 2016 - for a second time.

French MPs had 24 hours to decide whether to call a vote of no confidence in Manuel Valls' government. Further labour and young people's protests were expected.

The law was formally and finally adopted by the French parliament on the 21 July 2016

• Primary Source

ESO: Background information: French PM to use special powers to bypass parliament on labour reform http://www.europeansources.info/record/french-pm-to-use-special-powers-to-bypass-parliament-on-labour-reform/

ESO: Background information: France prepares for day of strikes as nuclear workers join labour protests http://www.europeansources.info/record/france-prepares-for-day-of-strikes-as-nuclear-workers-join-labour-protests/

The Local.fr, 05.07.16: France forces through labour bill amid new protests http://www.thelocal.fr/20160705/labour-laws-near-finish-line-amid-new-protests

The Guardian, 05.07.16: French PM bypasses parliament to force through labour laws https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/05/french-pm-bypasses-parliament-to-force-through-labour-laws

Politico, 05.07.16: Manuel Valls defies calls to resign, forces labor bill through parliament http://www.politico.eu/article/france-prime-minister-manuel-valls-defies-calls-to-resign-forces-labor-reform-bill-through-parliament/

France24, 21.07.16: French parliament officially adopts controversial labour law http://www.france24.com/en/20160721-france-parliament-officially-adopts-controversial-labour-law

The Local.fr, 22.07.16: France takes 'great step for reform' as labour laws passed http://www.thelocal.fr/20160722/france-takes-great-step-for-reform-as-labour-laws-pass

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