From Geo-Strategy to Omni-Strategy: Interactions between China, Europe, and the United States

Geo-strategic considerations in present-day global affairs are of a dual nature. On one hand, geo-strategic factors still weigh heavily in the thoughts and actions of major powers. On the other hand, globalization and the advancement of science and technology are making geo-strategic factors less decisive in national capitals. Many new factors are acquiring more prominence in strategy and policy planning. This essay analyzes the evolution and adaptation of geo-strategic thought; examines strategic considerations in the relations between China, Europe, as represented by the European Union, and the United States; assesses the new Chinese leadership’s geo-strategic concepts and practices; and explores possible ways of moving from geo-strategy to omni-strategy.