Constitutional problems of multi-tier governance in the EU

Differentiated integration – where some Member States are not yet ready or are unwilling to participate in new developments – is a fact of today's European Union. Nonetheless, the route chosen by the Member States to move forward has a major impact both on the legal certainty around any new instruments and on their democratic oversight. Recent developments in the field of economic and monetary union illustrate very well the difficulties which arise.

• Primary Source

ESO: Background information: A multi-tier Europe? The political consequences of the euro crisis http://www.europeansources.info/record/a-multi-tier-europe-the-political-consequences-of-the-euro-crisis/

European Movement: Euroblog, 04.02.14: Two tier Europe - really? http://ymlp.com/zfRPuh

CEPS: CEPS Paperbacks: Differentiated Integration in the EU – From the inside looking out , January 2014 http://www.ceps.eu/book/differentiated-integration-eu-%E2%80%93-inside-looking-out

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