Differentiated integration and the future of Europe : potentials and pitfalls

Abstract

Differentiated integration is a mechanism that furthers consensual agreement in a diverse membership by exempting or excluding states that lack willingness or ability from participation in integrated policies. Differentiated integration has facilitated the dynamic expansion of the EU’s tasks and membership in the 1990s and 2000s. Yet, it is less suitable for managing constitutional and distributional conflict in highly integrated policy areas.

• Primary Source

• Alternative Source