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Summary:
Compilation of resources focusing on an anti-subsidy investigation carried out by the European Commission in 2023-2024 into imports of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from China.
Further information:
The investigation was first announced at the annual State of the European Union (SOTEU) in September 2023. On 4 October 2023, the European Commission published a notice of initiation of an anti-subsidy proceeding concerning imports of new battery electric vehicles designed for the transport of persons originating in China. This investigation sought to determine whether BEV value chains in the country benefit from illegal subsidisation and whether this subsidisation causes or threatens to cause economic injury to BEV producers in the European Union (EU).
Provisional conclusions were unveiled on 12 June 2024, and on 4 July the Commission imposed provisional countervailing duties on BEV imports from China. The investigation found that the BEV value chain in China benefitted from unfair subsidisation, which was causing a threat of economic injury to EU BEV producers. On 20 August, the Commission disclosed the draft decision to impose definitive countervailing duties, reflecting the comments received from interested parties on the provisional duties as well as the conclusion of a number of investigative steps that had not been finalised at provisional stage. Member States endorsed the proposal on 4 October.
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Related Links |
- Commentary and Analysis
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EurActiv, 13/09/2023: How will the EU’s investigation into Chinese electric vehicle subsidies work?
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/how-will-the-eus-investigation-into-chinese-electric-vehicle-subsidies-work/
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Deloitte: Tax Newsflash, 06/10/2023: EU begins anti-subsidy investigation on China's new battery electric vehicles
https://www2.deloitte.com/cn/en/pages/tax/articles/eu-anti-subsidy-investigation-on-chinas-new-battery-electric-vehicles.html
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DLA Piper: Insights, 06/10/2023: EU Commission published the notice of initiation of an anti-subsidy proceeding against imports of new battery electric vehicles from China
https://www.dlapiper.com/en-gb/insights/publications/2023/10/notice-of-initiation-of-an-anti-subsidy-investigation-against-chinas-battery-electric-vehicles
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European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): At a Glance, 18/10/2023: EU anti-subsidy probe into electric vehicle imports from China
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2023)754553
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United States: Library of Congress: Global Legal Monitor, 02/11/2023: European Union: Commission Launches Anti-subsidy Investigation into Imports of Battery Electric Vehicles from China
https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-11-01/european-union-commission-launches-anti-subsidy-investigation-into-imports-of-battery-electric-vehicles-from-china/
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Transport & Environment (T&E): Briefing, 27/03/2024: How Europe can use tariffs as part of an industrial strategy
https://www.transportenvironment.org/articles/how-europe-can-use-tariffs-as-part-of-an-industrial-strategy/
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Bocconi University: Institute for European Policymaking (IEP): Policy Brief, April 2024: The BEV anti-Subsidy Investigation of the Commission: Industrial Policy and Geopolitics in Disguise?
https://iep.unibocconi.eu/policy-brief-bev-anti-subsidy-investigation-commission-industrial-policy-and-geopolitics-disguise
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Bruegel: Analysis 16/05/2024: Rippling out: Biden’s tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and their impact on Europe
https://www.bruegel.org/analysis/rippling-out-bidens-tariffs-chinese-electric-vehicles-and-their-impact-europe
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Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE): Realtime Economics Blog, 23/05/2024: Europe is taking a constructive approach to the influx of Chinese electric vehicles
https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/2024/europe-taking-constructive-approach-influx-chinese-electric-vehicles
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EurActiv, 04/06/2024: How EU-China trade negotiations could play out
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/how-eu-china-trade-negotiations-could-play-out/
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HKTDC Research: Regulatory Alert, 04/06/2024: Provisional Findings in Controversial Electric Vehicle Anti-subsidy Investigation Imminent
https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTcxMTc5NTE0Mg
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Forbes Magazine, 06/06/2024: EU Decision On China EV Import Tariffs Poses Harsh Questions
https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilwinton/2024/06/06/eu-decision-on-china-ev-import-tariffs-poses-harsh-questions/
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S&P Global: Commodity Insights, 12/06/2024: European Commission to increase duties on Chinese EVs to up to 48.1%
https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/metals/061224-european-commission-to-increase-duties-on-chinese-evs-to-up-to-381
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European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA): Press Release, 12/06/2024: China anti-subsidy investigation: provisional duties
https://www.acea.auto/press-release/china-anti-subsidy-investigation-provisional-duties/
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The Guardian: Explainer, 12/06/2024: How will new EU tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles work?
https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/12/how-will-new-eu-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-work
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Euronews, 13/06/2024: What Brussels found when it probed Chinese subsidies and electric cars
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/13/what-brussels-found-when-it-probed-chinese-subsidies-and-electric-cars
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Politico, 18/06/2024: Europe gives China a taste of its own trade medicine
https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-give-china-taste-its-own-medicine-ev/
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ING Think: Article, 19/06/2024: What EU tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles could mean for the energy transition
https://think.ing.com/articles/what-the-eus-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-could-mean-for-energy-transition/
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Hertie School: Jacques Delors Centre: Policy Brief, 01/07/2024: Boxing Smartly by the Rules – What the EU can learn from its EV Anti-Subsidy Investigation against China
https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/boxing-smartly-by-the-rules
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ING Think, 06/09/2024: European carmakers are struggling amid historic EV shift
https://think.ing.com/articles/european-car-makers-struggle-volvo-ev-electric-vehicles-demand/
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EUObserver: Opinion, 11/09/2024: Why Chinese electric vehicle plants in EU could be a good thing
https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/arc88d71a8
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Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA): Insights & Anslysis, 18/09/2024: US and Europe Drive Different Roads to Confront Chinese Electric Vehicles
https://cepa.org/article/us-and-europe-drive-different-roads-to-confront-chinese-electric-vehicles/
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German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP): Point of View, 24/09/2024: China’s push towards Europe: BYD’s investment in Turkey
https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/chinas-push-towards-europe-byds-investment-in-turkey
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EUObserver: Analysis, 27/09/2024: What's at stake in the EU-China electric vehicles battle?
https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/ar605941a4
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Reuters: Explainers, 03/10/2024: What happens next as China-made EVs investigated by EU?
https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/what-happens-next-china-made-evs-investigated-by-eu-2024-10-03/
- News
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EurActiv, 13/09/2023: Von der Leyen faces pushback for Chinese electric vehicle investigation
https://www.euractiv.com/section/electric-cars/news/von-der-leyen-faces-pushback-for-chinese-electric-vehicle-investigation/
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Reuters, 04/10/2023: China rebukes EU after formal launch of EV subsidy probe
https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/china-rebukes-eus-rushed-request-consultations-over-ev-subsidy-probe-2023-10-04/
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Bloomberg, 08/04/2024: China Says Innovation Built EV Success, Rejects EU Subsidy Probe
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-08/china-says-innovation-built-ev-success-rejects-eu-subsidy-probe
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Reuters, 03/05/2024: EU says information from three Chinese EV makers insufficient
https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/eu-says-information-three-chinese-ev-makers-insufficient-2024-05-03/R
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France24, 09/05/2024: China’s clean car manufacturers find a European foothold in Hungary
https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240509-china-clean-car-manufacturers-find-european-foothold-hungary-ev-orban-xi-jinping
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EurActiv, 29/05/2024: German Minister Wissing: Tariffs on Chinese cars ‘wrong approach’
https://www.euractiv.com/section/transport/interview/german-minister-wissing-tariffs-on-chinese-cars-wrong-approach/
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EurActiv, 12/06/2024: EU-China tensions flare up as Chinese government rebukes EU tariffs move
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-commission-announces-preliminary-tariffs-up-to-38-on-chinese-evs/
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EurActiv, 12/06/2024: EU tariffs on Chinese EVs popular with industry, but China’s trade chamber warns against implications
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-tariffs-on-chinese-evs-popular-with-industry-but-chinas-trade-chamber-warns-against-implications/
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Politico, 12/06/2024: EU shocks China with EV duties of up to 38 percent
https://www.politico.eu/article/european-commission-china-ev-duties-up-38-1-percent-trade/
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The Guardian, 12/06/2024: EU to put tariffs of up to 38% on Chinese electric vehicles as trade war looms
https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/12/eu-import-tariffs-chinese-evs-electric-vehicles-trade-war
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Euronews, 12/06/2024: EU to slap extra tariffs on Chinese electric cars in a bid to close competition gap
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/12/eu-to-slap-extra-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-cars-in-a-bid-to-close-competition-gap
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BBC News, 12/06/2024: EU threatens China EVs with tariffs of up to 38%
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd11ze1k9r0o
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Deutsche Welle, 12/06/2024: EU tariffs add to pressure on China's EV makers
https://p.dw.com/p/4gfCx
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EurActiv, 13/06/2024: China says it ‘reserves the right’ to file WTO suit over EU car tariffs
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/china-says-reserves-the-right-to-file-wto-suit-over-eu-car-tariffs/
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EurActiv, 14/06/2024: EU rebuffs Chinese businesses’ allegation of misconduct during anti-subsidy probe
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-rebuffs-chinese-businesses-allegation-of-misconduct-during-anti-subsidy-probe/
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Associated Press (AP News), 20/06/2024: China protests over EU move to hike tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles
https://apnews.com/article/china-europe-evs-tariffs-3f22bab4e6125beef757268a2331a432
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Politico, 22/06/2024: China, EU agree to start consultations on electric-vehicle subsidies
https://www.politico.eu/article/china-eu-launch-ev-investigation-talks/
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Reuters, 22/06/2024: EU tariffs on China not a 'punishment', says German economy minister
https://www.reuters.com/business/eu-tariffs-china-not-punishment-says-german-economy-minister-2024-06-22/
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The Independent (UK), 24/06/2024: China, EU are open to talks on plans to hike tariffs on Chinese EVs
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/chinese-ap-china-european-commission-beijing-b2567632.html
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RFI News, 06/07/2024: Carmakers unhappy after EU hits China with tariffs on electric vehicles
https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20240706-carmakers-unhappy-after-eu-hits-china-with-tariffs-on-electric-vehicles
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Swissinfo.ch, 21/08/2024: China opens anti-subsidy probe into EU dairy imports in pushback against EV tariffs
https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/china-opens-anti-subsidy-probe-into-eu-dairy-imports-in-pushback-against-ev-tariffs/87333307
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Helsinki Times, 04/09/2024: Punitive tariffs threaten electric vehicle market in Europe
https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/business/25587-punitive-tariffs-threaten-electric-vehicle-market-in-europe.html
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France24, 11/09/2024: Spain PM urges EU to 'reconsider' China EV tariffs plan
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240911-spain-pm-urges-eu-to-reconsider-china-ev-tariffs-plan
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RTÉ News, 13/09/2024: China 'disappointed' by Europe's rejection of EV proposal
https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2024/0913/1469964-china-ev-europe/
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RFI News, 20/09/2024: EU, China hold 'constructive' talks on electric vehicle tariffs but still no agreement
https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20240920-eu-china-hold-constructive-talks-on-ev-tariffs
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Deutsche Welle, 24/09/2024: EU divided over higher tariffs for Chinese EV imports
https://p.dw.com/p/4klKp
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Politico, 25/09/2024: China and EU seek to avoid trade war with talks on minimum EV prices
https://www.politico.eu/article/china-eu-forge-talks-explore-minimum-ev-prices-subsidies/
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Politico, 30/09/2024: EU will hit China with electric vehicle duties, but peace talks to go on
https://www.politico.eu/article/brussels-china-electric-vehicle-subsidies-duties-trade-commission-eu/
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EurActiv, 30/09/2024: EU-China negotiations to continue after 4 October electric vehicle vote
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-china-negotiations-to-continue-after-4-october-electric-vehicle-vote/
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France24, 30/09/2024: EU states plan Friday vote on Chinese EV tariffs
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240930-eu-states-plan-friday-vote-on-chinese-ev-tariffs
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Le Monde, 02/10/2024: Macron and Scholz differ on tariffs on Chinese electronic vehicles
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2024/10/02/macron-and-scholz-differ-on-tariffs-on-chinese-electronic-vehicles_6727999_143.html
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Euronews, 03/10/2024: Von der Leyen's China policy faces moment of truth as EU countries vote on EV tariffs
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/03/von-der-leyens-china-policy-faces-moment-of-truth-as-eu-countries-vote-on-ev-tariffs
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BBC News, 04/10/2024: EU hits China with tariffs in electric car sales battle
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly20n4d0g9o
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Bloomberg, 04/10/2024: EU to Impose Tariffs Up to 45% on Chinese Electric Vehicles
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-04/eu-votes-to-impose-tariffs-of-up-to-45-on-china-made-evs
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Euronews, 04/10/2024: Brussels breaks impasse after EU countries fail to agree on Chinese EV tariffs
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/04/brussels-breaks-impasse-after-eu-countries-fail-to-agree-on-chinese-ev-tariffs
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Deutsche Welle, 04/10/2024: EU greenlights tariffs for Chinese electric vehicles
https://p.dw.com/p/4lOAr
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Reuters, 04/10/2024: How EU governments voted on Chinese EV tariffs
https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/how-eu-governments-plan-vote-chinese-ev-tariffs-2024-10-04/
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EurActiv, 04/10/2024: Member states fail to block Commission duties on Chinese EVs
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/member-states-fail-to-block-commission-duties-on-chinese-evs/
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Associated Press (AP News), 04/10/2024: EU tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles are part of an ‘economic cold war,’ Hungary’s Orbán says
https://apnews.com/article/hungary-orban-eu-china-electric-vehicles-b255691c021fb901ceb2f1563e3a4346
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TVP World, 04/10/2024: EU executive poised to adopt tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles after vote
https://tvpworld.com/82661279/eu-executive-poised-to-adopt-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-after-vote
- Official
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European Commission: DG Trade: Trade defence investigations: Case AS689 - New battery electric vehicles for passengers
https://tron.trade.ec.europa.eu/investigations/case-view?caseId=2684
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European Commission: DG Trade: EU trade relations with China
https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/china_en
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EUR-LEX: OJ C Series, 04/10/2023: Notice of initiation of an anti-subsidy proceeding concerning imports of new battery electric vehicles designed for the transport of persons originating in the People’s Republic of China
http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/160/oj
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European Commission: Press Release, 04/10/2023: Commission launches investigation on subsidised electric cars from China
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4752
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European Commission: Press Release, 12/06/2024: Commission investigation provisionally concludes that electric vehicle value chains in China benefit from unfair subsidies
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_3231
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European Commission: Questions and Answers on the pre-disclosure of duties on imports of subsidised electric cars from China (12 June 2024)
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_24_3232
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EUR-LEX: OJ L Series: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1866 of 3 July 2024 imposing a provisional countervailing duty on imports of new battery electric vehicles designed for the transport of persons originating in the People’s Republic of China
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1866/oj
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European Commission: Press Release, 04/07/2024: Commission imposes provisional countervailing duties on imports of battery electric vehicles from China while discussions with China continue
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_3630
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European Commission: Press Release, 20/08/2024: Commission discloses to interested parties draft definitive findings of anti-subsidy investigation into imports of battery electric vehicles from China
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4301
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European Commission: Questions and Answers on the disclosure to interested parties of draft definitive findings of anti-subsidy investigation into imports of battery electric vehicles from China (20 August 2024)
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_24_4302
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European Commission: DG Trade: Readout of meeting between EVP Dombrovskis and Chinese Commerce Minister Wang (20 September 2024)
https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/readout-meeting-between-evp-dombrovskis-and-chinese-commerce-minister-wang-2024-09-20_en
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European Commission: Statement, 04/10/2024: Commission proposal to impose tariffs on imports of battery electric vehicles from China obtains necessary support from EU Member States
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_5041
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