Limitations on Religion in a Liberal Democratic Public Order: Christianity, Islam, and the Partial Secularity of the European Union

Summary:

This article shows how the European Union (EU) has seen excessive religious influence in the legal and political arenas as a threat to the autonomy of the public sphere, to individual autonomy in the private sphere as well as to important values such as gender equality.

The article demonstrates how EU law and policies in relation to the enlargement of the Union and the integration of migrants have required applicant States and individual migrants respectively to indicate acceptance of limitations to religious influence over law and society as a condition of membership of, or residence in, the EU.

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