Political tension in Venezuela over legitimacy of the country’s Presidency

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Author (Corporate)
Publication Date 2019
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Summary:

Reports and analysis regarding the reactions worlwide - and particularly in Europe - concerning the political crisis and civil unrest in Venezuela, which culminated with the Parliament's speaker self-proclamation as interim President of the country.

Further information:

The leader of the Parliament, Juan Guaidó - also one of the main opposition figures - declared himself interim President on 23 January 2019 during a demonstration which brought to the streets thousands of protesters. A parallel demonstration in support of incumbent President Nicolás Maduro also took place. Several Latin American countries and the United States of America later announced their support to Mr Guaidó, while countries like China, Cuba and Russia reaffirmed their backing to Mr Maduro. Amid growing pressure to come out with a clear position, the European Union cautiously called for political stakeholders to consider holding 'free and fair elections', and urgen Venezuelan authorities to guarantee the safety of the leader of Parliament. Some individual European countries chose to be more vocal about this matter.

Nicolas Maduro has been sworn in for a second mandate as President earlier in the month, following a presidential election deemed unfair and invalid by many stakeholders.

An emergency meeting of the UN Security Council was held on 26 January. The European Parliament voted to recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Presidenton 31 January. Following an ultimatum a week before, several European countries followed suit on 4 February, tasking Mr Guaidó with organising fresh presidential elections.

On 7 February, the International Contact Group on Venezuela - including several European countries - held its inaugural meeting. This Group was set up to promote a common understanding and a more concerted approach among key international actors on the situation in Venezuela aiming at a peaceful and democratic solution to the crisis. Later in the month,  the regime's refusal to accept humanitarian aid put forward by the United States further escalated tensions between civilians and the military.

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Commentary and Analysis
BBC News, 24.01.19: Venezuela crisis: What now for Maduro and his allies? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-46991976
The Guardian, 25.01.19: Trump must not be allowed to dictate Venezuela's democratic recovery https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/25/trump-guaido-dictate-venezuela-democratic-recovery
Deutsche Welle, 24.01.19: Venezuela at a crossroads https://p.dw.com/p/3C5o9
Euro|topics, January 2019: Why is Venezuela becoming an international conflict? https://www.eurotopics.net/en/213599/
The Economist, 25.01.19: Why have Venezuelans turned against Nicolás Maduro? https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/01/25/why-have-venezuelans-turned-against-nicolas-maduro
The Guardian, 25.01.19: Venezuela at the crossroads: the who, what and why of the crisis https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/25/venezuela-explainer-crisis-maduro-guaido-what-is-happening-latest
The Economist, 31.01.19: Venezuela’s failed revolution may itself be overthrown https://www.economist.com/briefing/2019/01/31/venezuelas-failed-revolution-may-itself-be-overthrown
BBC News, 01.02.19: Venezuela crisis: Why Russia has so much to lose https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47087875
The Guardian, 02.02.19: Only Venezuela can solve its problems – meddling by outsiders isn’t the solution https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/02/venezuela-juan-guaido-interim-president-political-trouble-outside-interference
Euro|topics, February 2019: Power struggle in Venezuela: a disunited Europe https://www.eurotopics.net/en/214106/
ECFR: Commentary, 01.02.19: Russian mercenaries on the march: next stop Venezuela? https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_russian_mercenaries_on_the_march_next_stop_venezuela
The Economist, 09/02/2019: The foundations of Venezuela’s regime are cracking, not yet collapsing https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/02/09/the-foundations-of-venezuelas-regime-are-cracking-not-yet-collapsing
The Guardian, 05/02/2019: Recognising Juan Guaidó risks a bloody civil war in Venezuela https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/05/juan-guaido-venezuela-maduro
Euro|topics, February 2019: Venezuela: aid an instrument in power struggle https://www.eurotopics.net/en/214105/
BBC News, 22/02/2019: Venezuela aid: Genuine help or Trojan horse? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-47328505

News
Deutsche Welle, 24.01.19: Maas: Germany backs Guaido https://p.dw.com/p/3C9F0
EurActiv, 24.01.19: EU reluctant to recognise self-proclaimed Venezuela president, calls for elections https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/eu-reluctant-to-recognise-self-proclaimed-venezuela-president-calls-for-elections/
The Irish Times, 24.01.19: Maduro wins backing of Venezuelan senior military figures https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/maduro-wins-backing-of-venezuelan-senior-military-figures-1.3769202
Reuters, 24.01.19: EU says Venezuelan protests 'cannot be ignored', calls for Guaido's safety https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1PI15I
BBC News, 25.01.19: Venezuela crisis: US vows to 'disconnect' Maduro's funding https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-46994271
The Economist, 26.01.19: Juan Guaidó wins diplomatic recognition as Venezuela’s president https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/01/26/juan-guaido-wins-diplomatic-recognition-as-venezuelas-president
EurActiv, 25.01.19: Russia, Turkey back Venezuela’s Maduro, while West turns up heat https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/russia-turkey-back-venezuelas-maduro-while-west-turns-up-heat/
BBC News, 26.01.19: Venezuela crisis: Maduro given ultimatum by European leaders https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-47014322
Politico, 27.01.19: Venezuela’s Maduro rejects EU call for new election https://www.politico.eu/article/venezuela-nicolas-maduro-rejects-eu-call-for-new-election-juan-gaido/
Politico, 27.01.19: Italian government split over Venezuela crisis https://www.politico.eu/article/5star-league-italian-government-split-over-venezuela-crisis-alessandro-di-battista/
EurActiv, 28.01.19: Venezuela’s Guaidó calls for new anti-Maduro protests https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/venezuelas-guaido-calls-for-new-anti-maduro-protests/
Politico, 27.01.19: Italian government split over Venezuela crisis https://www.politico.eu/article/5star-league-italian-government-split-over-venezuela-crisis-alessandro-di-battista/
The Guardian, 31.01.19: European parliament recognises Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/31/venezuela-guaido-urging-west-to-keep-up-pressure-says-hunt
Politico, 31.01.19: European Parliament recognizes Guaidó as Venezuela’s interim president https://www.politico.eu/article/juan-guaido-nicolas-maduro-venezuela-european-parliament-recognizes-interim-president/
EurActiv, 01.02.19: EU to establish contact group in Venezuela, Guaidó recognition up to member states https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/eu-to-establish-contact-group-in-venezuela-guaido-recognition-up-to-member-states/
The Guardian, 04.02.19: EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/04/juan-guaido-interim-venezuela-leader-europe
El País, 04.02.19: Spain recognizes Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/02/04/inenglish/1549267209_399232.html
France24, 04.02.19: France joins major EU powers in recognising Guaido as Venezuela’s acting president https://www.france24.com/en/20190204-venezuela-europe-france-spain-guaido-interim-president
Euronews, 04.02.19: Venezuela Domino effect ensues as EU leaders line up to recognise Venezuela's Guaido https://www.euronews.com/2019/02/04/domino-effect-ensues-as-eu-leaders-recognise-venezuela-s-guaido
BBC News, 04.02.19: Venezuela crisis: European states recognise Guaidó as president https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-47115857
RTÉ News, 04.02.19: EU nations recognise Guaido as Venezuelan president https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2019/0204/1027348-maduro-rejects-europes-call-for-fresh-elections/
Politico, 04.02.19: EU countries recognize Guaidó as Venezuela’s president https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-recognize-juan-guaido-as-venezuelas-president-nicolas-maduro/
EurActiv, 05.02.19: Who backs whom in Venezuela crisis, in EU and beyond https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/who-backs-whom-in-venezuela-crisis-in-eu-and-beyond/
The Economist, 24/02/2019: After a day of drama, a stalemate over aid to Venezuela https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/02/24/after-a-day-of-drama-a-stalemate-over-aid-to-venezuela
The Guardian, 25/02/2019: Spain would 'roundly condemn' use of force in Venezuela https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/spain-would-roundly-condemn-use-of-force-in-venezuela-nicolas-maduro
The Guardian, 25/02/2019: Venezuela: Guaidó wants 'all options' open as he meets Pence https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/24/venezuela-standoff-juan-guaido-nicolas-maduro

Official
Council of the European Union: Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela, 23 January 2019 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/01/23/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union-on-latest-developments-in-venezuela/
UN Security Council: Meetings Coverage, 26.01.19: With Venezuela Buckling under Severe Shortages, Security Council Emergency Session Calls for Political Solution to End Crisis, as Divisions Emerge over Path Forward https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sc13680.doc.htm
Council of the European Union: Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the situation in Venezuela, 26 January 2019 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/01/26/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-on-the-situation-in-venezuela/
European Commission: Press Release, 05.02.19: Venezuela crisis: EU mobilises additional humanitarian assistance http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-869_en.htm
European Parliament: Press Release, 31.01.19: Venezuela: Parliament recognises Guaidó, urges EU to follow suit http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190125IPR24303/
EU EEAS: International Contact Group on Venezuela https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/57639/
Council of the European Union: Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the latest events in Venezuela, 24 February 2019 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/02/24/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-on-the-latest-events-in-venezuela/

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