Shifting from academic ‘brain drain’ to ‘brain gain’ in Europe

Many researchers trained in Europe leave to work abroad, particularly in the USA. This brain drain phenomenon is the result of a lack of openness and competition in European academic systems. Some changes relating to the mobility of academic careers could make a difference in attracting – and maintaining – researchers, apart from serious structural reform. Performance-related salary policies, as well as proper working conditions, are key incentives to attract researchers. To some extent, efficient post-doctoral programmes and gender-equity policies should be considered too.