Theorising member state lobbying on European Union policy on energy efficiency

This paper explores and explains Member State (MS) lobbying on European Union (EU) policy on energy efficiency, with particular focus on legislation on individual metering and billing of heating, cooling and domestic hot water (IMB) in multi-apartment buildings. This legislation has been heavily debated and was amended in 2018 following successful lobbying by the opponents of IMB.

The lobbying strategy of Sweden, a small MS of the EU, and its allies in the lobbying coalition opposing IMB is examined, as are different factors explaining the success of their lobbying. A pro-active approach was taken and a broad normative coalition for lobbying was formed, including MSs and interest groups representing building owners and tenants at national and EU level. Lobbying was successful and the IMB provisions were amended. The success of the lobbying was influenced by several factors, i.a. favourable resources, high salience and high complexity of the issue.